How is "deviance" defined in sociology?

In sociology, deviance is defined as behavior that violates social norms. Social norms are the accepted standards of behavior within a society or group, and deviance occurs when an individual acts in a way that goes against these established expectations. This concept is crucial in understanding how society responds to behavior that does not conform to mainstream values, leading to various social consequences.

Deviance can encompass a wide range of behaviors, from minor infractions to major crimes, and it prompts discussions about why certain actions are viewed as deviant in some contexts but not in others. Therefore, identifying deviance is important for analyzing social structures and understanding the mechanisms of social control.

The other definitions presented do not capture the essence of deviance. While socially constructed behavior can contribute to the definition of norms and deviance, it does not directly define deviance itself. Likewise, behavior that adheres to social norms or is encouraged within a group does not constitute deviance since such behavior aligns with societal expectations.