What defines "manifest functions"?

Manifest functions refer to the intended and recognized consequences of social processes, activities, or structures. This concept originates from sociologist Robert K. Merton's theory on social functions. When we discuss manifest functions, we are looking at the overt and intended roles that institutions or social practices serve in society. For example, the manifest function of education is to teach students academic knowledge and skills to prepare them for future employment.

This is different from latent functions, which are the unintended and often hidden consequences of these same social processes. Understanding manifest functions helps sociologists analyze how different parts of society operate in a straightforward and clearly understood manner, illustrating the intended impact of social institutions on social interactions and cohesion.