What defines "manifest functions"?

Manifest functions refer to the intended and recognized consequences of social processes. This concept, introduced by sociologist Robert K. Merton, highlights that certain actions, institutions, and social practices have explicit objectives that are understood by the members of society. For example, the manifest function of education is to provide individuals with knowledge and skills that prepare them for the workforce and enable them to contribute to society.

This clear emphasis on intended outcomes distinguishes manifest functions from latent functions, which are the unintended or unrecognized effects of social processes. By identifying the manifest functions, sociologists can analyze how societal structures and activities fulfill specific roles that serve the needs and goals of the community. Understanding these manifested outcomes is crucial for comprehending how societies operate and how people interact within various social frameworks.