What does "cultural lag" refer to?

The concept of "cultural lag" refers specifically to the period of time it takes for non-material culture—such as beliefs, values, and norms—to adjust to changes in material culture, which includes technology, inventions, and physical objects. As societies evolve, new technologies and material changes often emerge faster than the corresponding social values or attitudes can adapt, creating a kind of "lag." This can lead to conflicts or issues as individuals and groups struggle to reconcile outdated beliefs with modern innovations.

For example, the introduction of the internet brought rapid changes in communication and social interaction, but attitudes around privacy, social behavior, and even legal frameworks took longer to evolve. This demonstrates how non-material aspects can struggle to keep pace with advancements in material culture, embodying the essence of cultural lag.