What does the term "double consciousness" describe in sociology?

The term "double consciousness" is a concept introduced by sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois, which specifically refers to the internal conflict experienced by individuals who belong to marginalized groups, particularly African Americans in the context of his work. This internal struggle arises from the tension of having to navigate between their own identity and the perceptions imposed on them by the dominant society. This concept highlights how individuals from marginalized backgrounds often experience a divided sense of self; they may see themselves through their own lens and also through the discriminatory views held by the larger society.

For instance, a person may feel pride in their cultural identity while simultaneously feeling the pressure to conform to societal expectations that devalue or distort that identity. This duality can lead to feelings of confusion, anxiety, and a sense of being an outsider. Understanding double consciousness is essential for sociologists when examining the complexities of race, identity, and social stratification. It symbolizes the challenge of living with multiple identities that are often at odds with one another due to societal attitudes and inequalities.