What is meant by "institutional discrimination"?

The concept of "institutional discrimination" refers to unjust and discriminatory practices that are entrenched within the policies, procedures, and structures of institutions, rather than being solely the result of individual actions. This form of discrimination is systemic, meaning it is often embedded in the fabric of societal institutions such as schools, workplaces, or government organizations, creating barriers that disadvantage certain groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, or socioeconomic status.

When institutions have in place rules or practices that privilege one group while disadvantaging another, it can perpetuate inequality even if the individuals within those institutions do not consciously intend to discriminate. Recognizing institutional discrimination is crucial for understanding how social inequalities are maintained and for implementing effective strategies to combat them.

This understanding sets it apart from individual discriminatory behavior, cultural superiority beliefs, or actions specifically aimed at promoting equality. Individual discrimination focuses on interpersonal actions, cultural superiority emphasizes ethnocentrism, and equality-promoting actions are actively opposed to the principles of institutional discrimination.