Which of the following best describes matrilineal descent?

Matrilineal descent is defined as tracing lineage through the female line, which means that an individual's family lineage and inheritance rights are determined by their mother's ancestry. In societies that practice matrilineal descent, individuals belong to their mother's lineage, and property, names, or titles may be passed down through women rather than men. This system emphasizes the role of women in maintaining family connections and heritage.

The context of why this is the most accurate description lies in the structure of familial relationships recognized within matrilineal societies. Unlike other systems, which may focus on paternal ties or a combination of both parents, matrilineal descent specifically prioritizes maternal connections. It can also influence social organization, such as roles in governance, by giving greater significance to maternal figures within the community.

Thus, option C accurately captures the essence of matrilineal descent by highlighting its focus on lineage traced through females, while the other options do not align with this specific understanding.